Background Reading on Fair Trade

 • ANDERSON, T. and E. RIEDL (2004). Fair Trade: The Scope of the Debate. International Society of Business Ethics.

• APPELBAUM, Richard and Edna BONACICH. 2000. Choosing sides in the Campaign Against Sweatshops. The Chronicle of Higher Education. April 7.

• BARHAM, E. 2002. Towards a Theory of Values-Based Labeling. Agriculture and Human Values 19: 349-360.

• BARRIENTOS, S. 2000. Globalization and Ethical Trade: Assessing the Implications for Development. Journal of International Development 12: 559-570.

• BARTLEY, T. 2003. Certifying Forests and Factories: States, Social Movements, and the Rise of Private Regulation in the Apparel and Forest Products Fields. Politics and Society 31 (3): 433-464.

• BIRD, K. and D.R. HUGHES. 1997. Ethical Consumption: The Case of ‘Fairly-Traded’ Coffee. Business Ethics 6(3). 159-167.

• BLOWFIELD, M. 1999. Ethical Trade: A Review of Developments and Issues. Third World Quarterly 20 (4): 753-770.

• BLOWFIELD, M. 2000. Ethical Sourcing: A Contribution to Sustainability or a Diversion. Sustainable Development 8: 191-200.

• BRAY, D., J. PLAZA SANCHEZ and E. MURPHY. 2002. Social Dimensions of Organic Coffee Production in Mexico: Lessons for Eco-Labeling Initiatives. Society and Natural Resources 15 (5): 429-446.

• BROWNE, A. W., P.C. HARRIS, A.H.HOFNY-COLLINS, N. PASIECZNIK and R.R. Wallace. 2000. Organic production and ethical trade: definition, practice, and links. Food Policy 25(1):69-89.

• BUSCH, L. 2003. Virgil, Vigilance, and Voice: Agrifood Ethics in an Age of Globalization. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 16: 459-477.

• CARPENTER, SAM Clark. Alternative Trade: Analysis and Efficacy as a Development Model

• CARRUTHERS, David. The Politics and Ecology of Indigenous Folk Art in Mexico. Human Organization, 60 (4):356-366. 2001.

• CASTILLO, Rosalva Aída and Ronald NIGH. 1998. Global Processes and Local Identity among Mayan Coffee Growers in Chiapas, Mexico. American Anthropologist 100(1):397-482.

• DAVIES, I. and A. CRANE. 2003. Ethical Decision Making in Fair Trade Companies. Journal of Business Ethics 45: 79-92.

• CLAY, Jason. 1992 Why Rainforest Crunch? Cultural Survival Quarterly 16(2):31-46.

• CLEVERDON, Robert. 2001. Introduction: Fair Trade in tourism- applications and experience. International Journal of Tourism Research 3(5):347-349.

• CLEVERDON, Robert and Angela Kalisch. 2000. Fair Trade in tourism. International Journal of Tourism Research 2(3): 171-187.

• CRANE, Andrew. 2001. Unpacking the ethical product. Journal of Business Ethics 30(4):361-373.
• CROWELL, Erbin. 1997. Notes from the Field: Building Fair Trade in Chiapas. Cultural Survival Quarterly 21(2):19-21.

• DICKSON, Marsha and Mary LITTRELL. 1996. Socially responsible behaviour: Values and Attitudes of the Alternative Trading Organization Consumer. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management 1(1):50-69.

• DICKSON, Marsha and Mary LITTRELL. 1998. Consumers of Ethnic Apparel from Alternative Trading Organizations: A Multi-Faceted Market. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 8(1):1-10.

• DICKSON, Marsha and Mary LITTRELL. 1998. Organizational Culture for Small Textile and Apparel Businesses in Guatemala. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 16(2):68-78.

• DOANE, M. & WEST, P. 2004. Trading in Coffee. Anthropology News 45(9):22.

• EBER, Christine and Brenda ROSENBAUM.1993 "That we may serve Beneath your hands and feet": Women Weavers in Highland Chiapas, Mexico. In Crafts in the World Market, June Nash, ed. pp 103-122. State University of New York Press, Albany.

• ELKIN, Vicki. 1992. Fairer Trade: Nonprofit alternative trade organizations. World Watch 5(4):5.

• ETERSON, E. 1997. “Fair Trade: it’s a jungle out there.” Natural Foods Merchandiser. 10(3) 30.

• FRANK, D. 2003. Where Are the Workers in Consumer-Worker Alliances?: Class Dynamics and the History of Consumer-Labor Campaigns. Political Geography 31 (3): 363-379.

• FREIDBERG, S. 2003. Cleaning up Down South: Supermarkets, Ethical Trade and African Horticulture. Social and Cultural Geography 4 (1): 27-43.

• FREIDBERG, S. 2003. Culture, Conventions, and Colonial Constructs of Rurality in South-North Horticultural Trades. Journal of Rural Studies 19: 97-109.

• Fridell, G. 2004. The Fair Trade Network in Historical Perspective.
Canadian Journal of Development Studies 25, no.3 Sept/Oct 2004.

• Fridell, G. 2004. The University and the Moral Imperative of Fair Trade
Coffee. Journal of Academic Ethics 2, no.1 Sept/Oct 2004.

• GOODMAN, M. 2004. Reading Fair Trade: Political Ecological Imaginary and the Moral Economy of Fair Trade Foods. Political Geography.

• GOODWIN, Harold and Dilys ROW. 2001. Tourism, livelihoods and protected areas: opportunities for fair-trade tourism in and around national parks. International Journal of Tourism Research 3(5):377-391.

• GRIMES, K. 2004. Changing the Rules of Trade with Global Partnerships: The Fair Trade Movement. pp. 237-248. In Social Movements: An Anthropological Reader, edited by June Nash. 2005 Blackwell Publishing.

• HALE, A. 2000. What Hope for 'Ethical' Trade in the Globalised Garment Industry? Antipode 32 (4): 349-356.

• HALE, A. and L. SHAW. 2001. Women Workers and the Promise of Ethical Trade in the Globalised Garment Industry: A Serious Beginning. Antipode 33: 510-530.

• HAMILTON, C. 2001. The Case for Fair Trade. pp. 60-71.Journal of Australian Political Economy, No. 48, December.

• HOWSE, R. and M.J. TREBILCOCK. 1996. The Fair Trade-Free Trade Debate: Trade, Labor, and the Environment. International Review of Law and Economics 16(1):61-79.

• HUDSON, I. and M. HUDSON. 2003. Removing the Veil?: Commodity Fetishism, Fair Trade, and the Environment. Organization and Environment 16 (4): 413-430.

• HUGHES, A. 2004. Accounting for Ethical Trade: Global Commodity Networks, Virtualism, and the Audit Economy in S. Reimer and A. Hughes (eds.) Geographies of Commodities Routledge, London.

• HUGHES, A. 2001a. Global Commodity Networks, Ethical Trade and Governmentality: Organizing Business Responsibility in the Kenyan Cut Flower Industry. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 26: 390-406.

• HUGHES, A. 2001b. Multi-Stakeholder Approaches to Ethical Trade: Towards a Reorganisation of UK Retailers' Global Supply Chains? Journal of Economic Geography 1: 421-437.

• INTERHEMISPHERIC RESOURCE CENTER. 1999. More than One Way: A World of Alternatives. IRC Bulletin, March.no. 52 1-8

• JAFFEE, D. et. al. 2004. Bringing the "Moral Charge" Home. Rural Sociology, Vol 69, No. 2.

• JAMES, Deborah. 2000. Justice and Java: coffee in a Fair Trade market. NACLA Report on the Americas 34(2):11-14.

• JAMES, Deborah. 2002. Consumer Activism and Corporate Accountability. Journal of Research for Consumers, Issue 3, 2002.

• JOHNSTON, J. 2002. Consuming Social Justice: Fair Trade Shopping and Alternative Development in J. Goodman (ed.) Protest and Globalisation (38-56). Pluto Press, Annandale.

• KAPLAN, C. 1995. 'a World without Boundaries': The Body Shop's Trans/National Geographies. Social Text 13: 45-66.

• KORTHALS, M. 2001. Taking Consumers Seriously: Two Concepts of Consumer Sovereignty. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 14(2): 201-215.

• LEARY, Virginia. Workers' Rights and International Trade: The Social Clause (GATT, ILO, NAFTA, US Laws)

• LECLAIR, Mark. June 2002. Fighting the Tide: Alternative Trade Organizations in the Era of Global Free Trade. World Development 30(6):949-958

• LEVI, M. and A. LINTON. 2003. Fair Trade: A Cup at a Time? Politics and Society 31 (3): 407-432.

• LITRELL, Mary A. 1995. Yoruba textiles and alternative trade. Proceedings of the Textiles and Clothing Research Workshop. 39-40

• LIVESEY, S. and K. KEARINS. 2002. Transparent and Caring Corporations?: A Study of Sustainability Reports by the Body Shop and Royal Dutch Shell. Organization and Environment 15 (3): 233-258.

• LITTRELL, Mary and Marsha DICKSON. 1997. Alternative Trading Organizations: Shifting Paradigm in a Culture of Social Responsibility. Human Organization 56(3):344-352.

• LITTRELL, Mary and Marsha DICKSON. 1998. Fair Trade Performance in a Competitive Market. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 16(4):176-189.

• MACER, D., M. BHARDWAJ, F. MAEKAWA and Y. NIIMURA. 2003. Ethical Opportunities in Global Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry: The Role for FAO. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 16: 479-504.

• MASELAND, R. and A. DE VAAL. 2002. How Fair Is Fair Trade? De Economist 150 (3): 251-272.

• MEHTA, M. 1994. “Fair Trade Coffee: do direct imported coffees provide better opportunities for producing countries?” Tea and Coffee Trade Journal. 166(11) 70-72

• MEHTA, M. 1993. Transfair Coffee for a good feeling. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal. 166(6) 22-25
• MURRAY, D. L. and L.T. RAYNOLDS. 2000. Alternative trade in bananas: Obstacles and opportunities for progressive social change in the global economy. Agriculture and Human Values 17(10):65-74.

• MURRAY, et. al. One Cup at a Time: Poverty Alleviation and Fair Trade in Latin America, a set of case studies and background documents conducted by a team of researchers working with Colorado State University, CIESAS and Desarrollo Alternativo.

• NELSON, V., TALLONTIRE, A. Collison, C. 2002. “Assesing the benefits of ethical trade schemes for forest dependent people: a comparative experience from Peru and Ecuador.” International Forestry Review 4(2) 99-109

• NICHOLLS, A. J. 2002. Strategic options for Fair Trade retailing. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management 30(1):6-17.

• NIGH, R. 1997. Organic Agriculture and Globalization: A Maya Associative Corporation in Chiapas, Mexico. Human Organization 56: 427-436.

• PAGE-REEVES, Janet. 1998 Alpaca Sweater Design and Marketing: Problems and Prospects for Cooperative Knitting Organizations in Bolivia. Human Organization 57(1):83-92.

• PAULSON, O. 1998. “Globalization of a special kind.” Tea and Coffee Trade Journal. 170(4) 144, 146-147

• PAULSON, O. 1998. “Labeling Tea from Sri Lanka.” Tea and Coffee Trade Journal. 171(6) 80, 82,
 
• PIERS, Guilheme D. and John STANTON. 2002. Ethnic Marketing Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics 36(1).

• QIZILBASH, M. 1996. Ethical Development. World Development 24 (7): 1209-1221
.
• RAYNOLDS, L. 2002. Consumer/Producer Links in Fair Trade Coffee Networks. Sociologia Ruralis 42 (4): 404-424.

• RAYNOLDS, Laura. 2000. Re-embedding global agriculture: The international organic and Fair Trade movements. Agriculture and Human Values 17:297-309.

• RAYNOLDS, T. 2002. Consumer/Producer Links in Fair Trade Coffee Networks. Sociologia Ruralis 42 (4):404-424.

• REMMER, Miriam. 1998. “The effects of alternative agriculture and fair trade on the development of producer groups and their members.” Distribution and Marketing of Agricultural Products.

• RENARD, M.C. 1999. The Interstices of Globalization: The Example of Fair Coffee. Sociologica Ruralis 39(4):484-500.

• RENARD, M. C. 2003. “Fair Trade: quality, market and conventions.” Journals of Rural Studies. 19(1) 87-96

• RENARD, M. 2003. Fair Trade: Quality, Market, and Conventions. Journal of Rural Studies: 87-96.

• RICE, R. A. 2001. Noble goals and challenging terrain: organic and Fair Trade coffee movements in the global marketplace. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 14(1):39-66.

• RICE, Robert. 2003. “Coffee production in a time of crisis: social and environmental connections.” SAIS Review. 23(1) Winter-Spring

• ROSEBERRY, William. 1996. The Rise of Yuppie Coffees and the Reimagination of Class in the United States. American Anthropologist 98(4):762-775.

• ROSENBAUM, Brenda.1998. Las Artesanas Mayas en el Mercado Intenracional: dinámicas de resistencia, continuidad y cambio" Estudios Sociales, No 59, 4a época: 211-222

• ROSENBAUM, Brenda and Liliana GOLDIN. 1997. New Exchange Processes in the International Market: The Re-making of Maya Artisan Production in Guatemala. Museum Anthropology 21(2):72-82.

• SCRASE, T. 2003. Precarious Production: Globalisation and Artisan Labour in the Third World. Third World Quarterly 24 (3): 449-461.

• SHAW, Deirdre and I. CLARK, 1999. Belief formation in ethical consumer groups: and exploratory study. Marketing Intelligence and Planning 17(2):109-120.

• SHAW, Deirdre;and Terry NEWHOLM. 2002. Voluntary Simplicity and the ethics of consumption. Psychology and Marketing 19(2):167-185.

• SHRECK, A. 2002. Just Bananas?: Fair Trade Production in the Dominican Republic. International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food 10 (2): 11-21.

• STRONG, Carolyn. 1996. Features contributing to the growth of ethical consumerism- a preliminary investigation. Marketing Intelligence & Planning 14(5):5-13.

• STRONG, Carolyn. 1997. The problems of translating Fair Trade principles into consumer purchase behavior. Marketing Intelligence and Planning 15(1):32-37.

• STRONG, Carolyn. 1997. The Role of Fair Trade Principles within Sustainable Development. Sustainable Development 5(1):1-10.

• SURANOVIC, S. 2002. International Labour and Environmental Standards Agreements: Is This Fair Trade? The World Economy 25(2):231-245.

• TALLONTIRE, A. 2000. Partnerships in Fair Trade: reflections for a case study of Café Direct. Development in Practice 10(2):166-177.

• TALLONTIRE, A. 2002. Challenges Facing Fair Trade: Which Way Now? Small Enterprise Development 13 (3): 12-24.

• THOMSON, B. 1999. Lessons for Fair Trade. Small Enterprise Development . ITDG Journal of Small Enterprise Development. 10(4):56-60.

• TIDWELL, Tara. 2001. The business of Fair Trade. Cultural Survival Quarterly 25(3):58-59.

• TIFFEN, P. 2002. A Chocolate-Coated Case for Alternative International Business Models. Development in Practice 12 (3 & 4): 383-397.

• TIFFEN, P. and S. ZADEK. 1998. Dealing with and in the Global Economy: Fairer Trade in Latin America in J. Blauert and S. Zadek (eds.) Mediating Sustainability: Growing Policy from the Grassroots (163-188). Kumerian, West Hartford.

• WEISBROT, Mark and Dean BAKER. The Relative Impact of Trade Liberalization on Developing Countries. Center for Economic and Policy Research. www.cepr.net.

• WELFORD, R. Meaton, J., YOUNG, W. 2003. Fair Trade as a Strategy for International Competitiveness. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 10: 1-13.

• WILCOX, M. 1999. “Fair trade for less developed countries?” Lancet. 354(9173) 65

• WILKINSON-WEBER, Clare M. 1997. Skills, Dependence, and Differentiation: Artisans and Agents in the Lucknow Embroidery Industry. Ethnology 36(1):49-65.

• ZADEK, S. and P. TIFFEN. 1996. 'Fair Trade': Business or Campaign? Development: Journal of the Society for International Development 3: 48-53.